How did tobacco impact the rural and urban environment in its place of origin (the Americas) and where it is transplanted (Europe)?
America is the cradle of tobacco. The indigenous population that lived in the Americas before the arrival of Europeans chewed or smoked tobacco in religious rituals. The sheet was planted across the continent and to trade with the settlers, soon spread to Europe. Fifty years after his arrival in the old world, is pipe smoking across the continent, which was a symbol of civilization.
Famous painters throughout Europe in the seventeenth and eighteenth reproduced characters like kings, ministers and generals smoking or inhaling snuff.
Once in Europe, tobacco immediately and dramatically altered the context of the economic policy of governments, becoming the largest source of income from public coffers. Spain in the early seventeenth century, had great portion of the tobacco trade in Europe and tried to establish a monopoly on the continent, being contained by England and Holland, which for years dominated the imports and exports. These countries, with the American colonies, assured the transport of tobacco by its vessels charging hefty fees to other countries. Companies have become real powers like India Company and Virginia Company of England.
The name of nicotine, in turn, derives from Nicot. Jean Nicot, French diplomat and scholar, in 1560 introduced the tobacco to be placed in the nose to the French court. The tobacco plant, nicotiana, also has its name derived from Nicot.
Tobacco arrived in Italy in 1561 by Cardinal Prospero Santa Croce, which led seed provided by Nicot. Was grown in the Vatican and is called divine or holy herb. The pipe and snuff became popular in churches, which began to be smoky with so many smokers, including priests and priests. The situation reached a point so serious that Pope Urban VIII ordered excommunication for smokers.
From the eighteenth century, spread the habit of vacuuming snuff, who reigned for 200 years. With the universalization of smoking, other industries flourished. Many pipes were made of expensive materials. The nobles wore gold to tobacco studded with diamonds. The miniature jewelry industry, performed by well known artists, has developed rapidly. Some of the more affluent, used a tobacco per day, having hundreds of different types. The budget wedding of Marie Antoinette to Louis XVI, money consisted of 38,205 pounds for the purchase of tobacco. Napoleon, who restored the freedom of the plantation, manufacturing and trade of tobacco, include all the new ambassadors with a tobacco costing 5 billion to 15 billion francs, according to the size of the country. Who was not noble and had no money, used snuff deposed the back of the thumb of the hand, bent so that a triangular pit. In the books of anatomy is called the anatomical snuffbox.
The cigar and cigarette began to reign from the nineteenth century. His popularity among the wealthy symbolized high socioeconomic status.
The cigarette, however, had its expansion because it is more economical, more convenient to carry and use than the cigar or pipe. Paris was invaded by smoking in 1860. In the United States, there was explosion in the 1880s, when he invented a machine that produced two hundred units per minute. Soon, there were machines producing hundreds of millions per day. The first major global expansion was after the First World War, from 1914 to 1918. However, their distribution was almost in males. Among women, consumption grew after World War II, from 1950, with the development of advertising techniques.
The cigarette industry has consolidated from the end of the nineteenth century with the invention of the machine of manufacturing cigarettes in 1881. Between 1904 and 1947, the American tobacco companies have grown as or faster than cars, with the popular brands of cigarettes.
For more informations, go to links below
America is the cradle of tobacco. The indigenous population that lived in the Americas before the arrival of Europeans chewed or smoked tobacco in religious rituals. The sheet was planted across the continent and to trade with the settlers, soon spread to Europe. Fifty years after his arrival in the old world, is pipe smoking across the continent, which was a symbol of civilization.
Famous painters throughout Europe in the seventeenth and eighteenth reproduced characters like kings, ministers and generals smoking or inhaling snuff.
Once in Europe, tobacco immediately and dramatically altered the context of the economic policy of governments, becoming the largest source of income from public coffers. Spain in the early seventeenth century, had great portion of the tobacco trade in Europe and tried to establish a monopoly on the continent, being contained by England and Holland, which for years dominated the imports and exports. These countries, with the American colonies, assured the transport of tobacco by its vessels charging hefty fees to other countries. Companies have become real powers like India Company and Virginia Company of England.
The name of nicotine, in turn, derives from Nicot. Jean Nicot, French diplomat and scholar, in 1560 introduced the tobacco to be placed in the nose to the French court. The tobacco plant, nicotiana, also has its name derived from Nicot.
Tobacco arrived in Italy in 1561 by Cardinal Prospero Santa Croce, which led seed provided by Nicot. Was grown in the Vatican and is called divine or holy herb. The pipe and snuff became popular in churches, which began to be smoky with so many smokers, including priests and priests. The situation reached a point so serious that Pope Urban VIII ordered excommunication for smokers.
From the eighteenth century, spread the habit of vacuuming snuff, who reigned for 200 years. With the universalization of smoking, other industries flourished. Many pipes were made of expensive materials. The nobles wore gold to tobacco studded with diamonds. The miniature jewelry industry, performed by well known artists, has developed rapidly. Some of the more affluent, used a tobacco per day, having hundreds of different types. The budget wedding of Marie Antoinette to Louis XVI, money consisted of 38,205 pounds for the purchase of tobacco. Napoleon, who restored the freedom of the plantation, manufacturing and trade of tobacco, include all the new ambassadors with a tobacco costing 5 billion to 15 billion francs, according to the size of the country. Who was not noble and had no money, used snuff deposed the back of the thumb of the hand, bent so that a triangular pit. In the books of anatomy is called the anatomical snuffbox.
The cigar and cigarette began to reign from the nineteenth century. His popularity among the wealthy symbolized high socioeconomic status.
The cigarette, however, had its expansion because it is more economical, more convenient to carry and use than the cigar or pipe. Paris was invaded by smoking in 1860. In the United States, there was explosion in the 1880s, when he invented a machine that produced two hundred units per minute. Soon, there were machines producing hundreds of millions per day. The first major global expansion was after the First World War, from 1914 to 1918. However, their distribution was almost in males. Among women, consumption grew after World War II, from 1950, with the development of advertising techniques.
The cigarette industry has consolidated from the end of the nineteenth century with the invention of the machine of manufacturing cigarettes in 1881. Between 1904 and 1947, the American tobacco companies have grown as or faster than cars, with the popular brands of cigarettes.
For more informations, go to links below
References :
http://64.233.163.132/search?q=cache:F6gskyVPhjYJ:www.tobacco.org/History/Tobacco_History.html+tobacco+history&cd=1&hl=pt-BR&ct=clnk&gl=br
http://www.google.com.br/#hl=pt-BR&q=tobacco+environment++history&meta=&aq=f&oq=tobacco+environment++history&fp=c1f044a3a07efcf